Sermon by Michael R. Martin
First United Methodist Church of Saranac Lake, NY
Matthew 13:24-30, 36-43 (NLT)
Parable of the Wheat and WeedsJesus explained that the kingdom grows quietly and abundantly, yet evil still exists in the world. Jesus gives the meaning of this parable in 13:37-43, "The one who sows the good seed is the Son of Man; the field is the world, and the good seeds are the children of the kingdom; the weeds are the children of the evil one, and the enemy who sowed them is the devil." That the enemy came while everybody was asleep does not indicate neglect on anyone's part; that he went away does not indicate his absence. Instead, these details merely highlight the stealth and malicious intent of Satan (the enemy, "the evil one").
24 Here is another story Jesus told: “The Kingdom of Heaven is like a farmer who planted good seed in his field. 25 But that night as the workers slept, his enemy came and planted weeds among the wheat, then slipped away. 26 When the crop began to grow and produce grain, the weeds also grew.
27 “The farmer’s workers went to him and said, ‘Sir, the field where you planted that good seed is full of weeds! Where did they come from?’
28 “‘An enemy has done this!’ the farmer exclaimed. “‘Should we pull out the weeds?’ they asked.
29 “‘No,’ he replied, ‘you’ll uproot the wheat if you do. 30 Let both grow together until the harvest. Then I will tell the harvesters to sort out the weeds, tie them into bundles, and burn them, and to put the wheat in the barn.’”
Parable of the Wheat and Weeds Explained
36 Then, leaving the crowds outside, Jesus went into the house. His disciples said, “Please explain to us the story of the weeds in the field.”
37 Jesus replied, “The Son of Man is the farmer who plants the good seed. 38 The field is the world, and the good seed represents the people of the Kingdom. The weeds are the people who belong to the evil one. 39 The enemy who planted the weeds among the wheat is the devil. The harvest is the end of the world, and the harvesters are the angels.
40 “Just as the weeds are sorted out and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the world. 41 The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will remove from his Kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil. 42 And the angels will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 43 Then the righteous will shine like the sun in their Father’s Kingdom. Anyone with ears to hear should listen and understand!
The "weed" Jesus referred is generally considered to be darnel, AKA darnel rye-grass or cockle (Tare in old bible translations) (Lolium temulentum), a weedy plant that looks very much like wheat in the early stages of growth, but becomes distinguishable when the heads of the wheat appear. The seed is not poisonous but it is often infected by a fungus which is very toxic. Darnel is a member of the rye-grass family and occurs throughout the US, where it is generally considered a noxious weed. The plant stem can grow up to 1 meter tall, with inflorescence in the ears and purple grain. It grows plentifully in Syria and Israel. It usually grows in the same production zones as wheat and is considered a weed. The similarity between these two plants is so extensive that in some regions cockle is referred to as "false wheat." It bears a close resemblance to wheat until the ear appears. The ears on the real wheat are so heavy that it makes the entire plant droop downward, but the "false wheat", which ears are light, stands straight. Interestingly enough, this weed is related to perennial rye grass, which is heavily planted as lawns and ground cover.
Jesus' hearers would have understood how no one would have noticed the weeds until the plants came up and bore grain. Only then would the weeds appear. A heavy infestation of darnel (indicated by it being "sowed" among the grain) would cause the roots of both plants to become entangled. To sow darnel in a person's wheat field was punishable by Roman law. This was a known practice in ancient warfare and feuds—destroy a nation's (or person's) agricultural base and his military might would also be destroyed. The presence of Satan's children among God's people would also serve to weaken them. Because no one recognized the weeds, both grew at the same time. This real-life situation gave Jesus' hearers a picture of God's kingdom growing and thriving alongside evil in this world.
On Noxious Weeds
Because of my work in lake management and county soil & water conservation districts across the United States over the past twenty years, I have become quite familiar with weeds. A weed is simply a plant that grows too abundantly where it is not wanted. Most distressing to the environment is the non-native invasive species. These are plants that don’t normally grow in the US and grow so well that they quickly overtake native species, disturbing and sometimes destroying the natural environment once they get introduced. Many weeds were introduced in the 1800s, when enthusiastic botanists brought to the US examples of new plants found in Europe and Asia. Plants such as Eurasian milfoil, which chokes lakes, ponds and waterways across the US, including most of NY and a number of popular lakes here in the Adirondacks. One small fragment of this plant can start a whole large colony within a year or two and entirely take over a lake in less than five years. This plant is a perennial, and is so hardy it even continues to grow under the ice.
One invasive plant, purple loosestrife, can produce up to 2.7 million seeds per plant yearly and spreads across approximately 1 million additional acres of wetlands each year, with an economic impact of millions of dollars.
A terrestrial plant, the giant hogweed, is a member of the carrot family, related not only to that favorite food of cartoon rabbits, but such common roadside plants as Queen Anne’s Lace and yarrow. Looking much like a giant Queen Anne’s Lace 2 ½’ in diameter, the plant grows 8 – 15’ high, with a 5’ wide deeply divided leaf. : Hogweed is a public health hazard. Giant hogweed produces a clear, watery noxious sap that causes severe photodermatitis in humans and animals, meaning the skin becomes so sensitive to ultraviolet light that skin contact followed by exposure to sunlight produces painful, burning blisters that may develop into purplish or blackened scars. This can be long-lasting, even permanent. Contact with the eyes can cause temporary or permanent blindness. This plant is known to occur in fields and waste places in New York. My baby sister had it growing in her garden in Laconia, NH.
Some high percentage of what we consider wild flowers are what we botanists call naturalized escapes. In other words, someone planted them in their flower garden and they spread into the wild and became established there. The percentage may be as high as 80 – 90 percent. Read any good botanical guide, such as Newcomb’s wild flower guide or local reclusive genius Michael Kudish’s Guide to the Flora of the Adirondacks and you’ll begin to realize just how many wildflowers are indeed escapes and naturalized plants. The other thing one quickly learns is that many of the common, meaning abundant, plants grow in what botanists call disturbed and waste places. This doesn’t mean trash dumps, but anywhere the earth has been disturbed and the natural plant community destroyed. Examples are railroad beds, edges of parking lots, abandoned farm fields.
This is a good lesson for us, if we consider God’s master creation, the human, to be like the plant community. Many people are naturalized escapes, growing in places where they find themselves. A high percentage are weeds. Unlike the Wheat and Weed parable, which spoke of a specific weed, not all weeds are bad. Many are pretty to look at – in fact, if it weren’t for the “weeds,” including the naturalized escapes, we wouldn’t have a very diverse population – of humans or wildflowers. But some of the weeds are very bad.
Here we have another parable where Jesus through Matthew provides an interpretation. Jesus spoke this words while at the sea. There he spoke publicly to the crowds. Jesus' movement back into the house signifies a movement away from the crowds and to private discussion with his disciples. Jesus described the identity of the important parts of the parable of the weeds recorded in 13:24-30. Jesus explained to his listening disciples that the good seeds are believers, sown by the Son of Man in the field of the world. In this world also existed those who were not children of the kingdom; thus, they were children of the devil, sown by him into this world. At the end of the age, the angels would come and the harvest would begin.
GOD DOES THE WEEDING
Jesus' reference is to the kingdom of heaven and is not limited to the church. However, the church is in the world as well as in the kingdom of heaven, so the truth also applies. There are good seeds and bad seeds, children of God and children of Satan, in the church. At first glance, the works of each may be difficult to distinguish. Jesus appealed to us to be appropriately inclusive (we should avoid exclusiveness and arrogant separatism). We should strive for unity with others even when it may present the risk of "weeds." The work of judgment is God's. Yet we must not be naive. Satan has a strategy and his children are at work.
The young weeds and the young blades of wheat look the same and can't be distinguished until they are grown and ready for harvest. Weeds (unbelievers) and wheat (believers) must live side by side in this world. God allows unbelievers to remain for a while, just as a farmer allows weeds to remain in his field so that the surrounding wheat won't be uprooted with them. At the harvest, however, the weeds will be uprooted and thrown away. God's harvest (judgment) of all people is coming. Make yourself ready by remaining faithful to Christ and obeying him.
13:40-42 "Just as the weeds are collected and burned up with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will collect out of his kingdom all causes of sin and all evildoers, and they will throw them into the furnace of fire, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
At this harvest, God will separate his people from Satan's people. As the harvesters collect the weeds into bundles to be destroyed, so Satan's works and Satan's people will be thrown into the furnace of fire. According to the Life Application Bible, the "furnace of fire" is not a name for hell but is a metaphor for final judgment. Jesus often used the term "weeping and gnashing of teeth" to refer to the coming judgment. The "weeping" indicates sorrow or remorse, and "gnashing of teeth" shows extreme anxiety or pain. Those who say they don't care what happens to them after they die don't realize what they are saying. God will punish them for living in selfishness and indifference to him. Jesus, who has already identified himself as the Son of Man, revealed that he will inaugurate the end of the age and the final judgment.
TRAGEDY OF EVIL
Followers of Jesus do not fear God's final judgment, but we must respond to it with
- tears, for the separation and suffering that will fall upon evildoers. We must never gloat over or feel indifferent to the fate of those facing judgment. God mourns over lost souls, and so should we.
- sharing the gospel, since many need to hear and all who respond in faith will be saved from judgment. Christians ought to always be witnessing people.
- lifelong service, because no matter what your job, profession, or education, all you do should be dedicated to God. God uses your work to advance his kingdom and overcome evil.
Michael R. Martin – July 20, 2008
First UMC of Saranac Lake, 8:30AM
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